The development of technology of line of our country iron cannot leave the progress of steely smelt craft

The development of technology of line of our country iron cannot leave the progress of steely smelt craft

The invention of art of cast iron smelt
Our country takes the place of in business foregone with iron, smooth cereal of Heibei Gao city, Beijing has come up out of land the Tie Ren with acting business cupreous tomahawk, henan dredge county also has come up out of land the tomahawk of iron blade copper at the beginning of Shang Benzhou and Tie Yuantong dagger. Nevertheless, the iron on these a few enginery is meteoric iron. Meteoric iron comes from the meteorite that the sky falls, not be the iron of artificial smelt.

Ironwork of our country's earliest artificial smelt metal, it is Gansu Province spirit at the beginning of the age that the stage comes up out of land year sword of cupreous handle iron, the specification is at the beginning of age year the skill that our country already mastered iron of artificial smelt metal. To age terminal, our country invented technology of cast iron smelt again. The ironware with at present terminal age already had discovered several, have Jiangsu among them the Tie Wan that the uses a puddling to be made bar that grave of two the Eastern Zhou Dynasty comes up out of land mixes 6 bridges adding up to Cheng to be become with casting of white mouth cast iron, hunan Changsha in the grave with a terminal age, still came up out of land vessel of a Bai Kouzhu iron.

The mankind is inchoate it is normally in inferior temperature (centigrade 800 degrees go to 1000 degrees) below, with charcoal reductive iron ore gets a puddling. Piece puddling is a kind of fungous wrought iron piece, after refine is over iron piece is taken out, the chamber of a stove or furnace should suffer destroy, cannot serial production, cost is high, yield is low. And the field trash in iron piece is more, the quantity that contain carbon low, texture is soft, use production appearance very hard to compare complex implements. Cast iron is in higher temperature (centigrade 1150 degrees go to 1300 degrees) next smelt come out, the product shows liquid state to be poured out of from inside furnace, can serial production, can mould shapes; Its field trash is less, quantity adding up to carbon exceeds 2 ％ commonly, character is strong fragile, suit to be used cast farm tool and other tool. From piece puddling arrives cast iron, this is a on technology of smelt metal iron major breakthrough.
With a few otherer national posture is compared, the iron of artificial smelt metal of our country starts later, but as a result of draw lessons from and use trader week the technology of casting of bronze smelt metal that two generation develop highly, invented technology of cast iron smelt above all however. European mediterranean is a few more coastal country, early in BC 14 centuries know smelt metal iron, but till the Christian era 14 centuries just apply cast iron, inverse ratio our country became late 1900 old. The latercomers surpass the formers of technology of smelt metal iron of our country, what be in the world for a long time from now on is banner

Fill steel law
Fill steel law is technology of our country inchoate steel-making a the most outstanding achievement. Approved 1740 abandon steel-making standard before the invention, world each country is to adopt the method that uses smelt of wrought iron low temperature commonly, iron and steel cannot fuse, iron and broken bits depart not easily, carbon is divided cannot rapid infiltration. The fill steel method that our country invents, heat cast iron and wrought iron together, in letting the fill of cast iron fluid that fuses first enter the space of loose wrought iron, make wrought iron increases carbolic cent to become rolled steel, solved this difficult problem thereby. The Southern Dynasties the contented great scene of neat, Liang Shi above all account fill steel law, the Kingdom of Wei of the Northern Dynasties, neat the peaceful mother Huai Wenceng between is made with this kind of method very sharp " Su Tie knife " , the invention of law of visible fill steel should be before the Northern and Southern Dynasties, probable be in period of the Western Jin Dynasty. The occurrence of fill steel law, make the crop of steel and quality rise greatly, grow substantially for what Sui Tang produces power with have a youthful look offerred fundamental condition.

Later, fill steel way develops ceaselessly again. Song Dai cast iron piece embed it is among voluminous ripe bar, with mud steel-making furnace sealed rise, undertake burning temper with fire, the effect is better. Bright generation had again improve, cast iron piece the lid is binding a certain number of close wrought iron chip to go up, make cast iron fluid OK in wrought iron of evener ground infiltration, mud is sealed and need not use sandals cover mouth of Tu Ni, make cast iron can get oxygen from inside air and fuse more easily, improve the efficiency of smelt thereby. After bright metaphase, fill steel way develops further for Su Gang law. Su Gang law is material iron with wrought iron, in park furnace, and will unripe iron plate is put in mouth, arrive high when furnace temperature rise centigrade 1300 degrees or so, when unripe iron plate begins to fuse, clip unripe iron plate to control shift with fire-tongs namely, flip through ceaselessly material iron, make expect iron drenchs equably the cast iron fluid that picks; Such, can produce very good cementite effect already, can produce acuteness oxidation again, make iron and broken bits detached, production goes out contain the rolled steel with broken bits is little and even composition.

It is before 16 centuries, the steel-making technology of our country is on world banner standing for a long time, get the general praise of each country. The Christian era when 1 century, roman nature science learns the home to be in its famous book " nature history " in say: "Although the sort of iron is very much, but rival without a kind of steel photograph that can come with China. But rival without a kind of steel photograph that can come with China..

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